O Level Biology
SEC Biology covering cell structure, nutrition, respiration, transport in organisms, homeostasis, reproduction, genetics, ecology, evolution, and scientific investigation.
Topics Covered in O Level Biology
Principles and Basic Structures of Life
Cells as the basic unit of life, biological molecules, enzymes, and transport across membranes.
Nutrition and Respiration
Photosynthesis, holozoic nutrition, the digestive system, and cellular respiration.
Movement of Substances in Organisms
Gaseous exchange in plants and humans, transport in plants (xylem and phloem), and the human circulatory system.
Maintaining Balance
Homeostasis, the nervous system, hormonal control, thermoregulation, osmoregulation, and immunity.
Promoting Future Generations
Reproduction in plants and humans, DNA, genetics, inheritance, cell division, and genetic engineering.
The Environment and Human Impact
Ecosystems, ecological relationships, food chains and webs, nutrient cycles, biodiversity, climate change, and conservation.
Evolution and Diversity of Life
Natural selection, evidence of evolution, the origin and diversity of life, and the colonisation of land by plants and animals.
The Science of the Living World
Scientific method, experimental design, variables, health and safety, field techniques, and data interpretation.
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