O Level Chemistry
SEC Chemistry covering the atmosphere, water, acids & bases, electrolysis, the Periodic Table, metals & rocks, quantitative chemistry, rates of reaction, organic chemistry, and energy changes.
Topics Covered in O Level Chemistry
How Chemistry Works
Scientific method, variables, safety, apparatus, and representing chemical reactions.
The Atmosphere
Composition of air, atomic structure, covalent bonding, gas preparation, and atmospheric pollution.
Water & Aquatic Environments
Properties of water, hard and soft water, ionic bonding, dissolving, purification, and desalination.
Acids, Bases & Salts
Indicators, the pH scale, reactions of acids, neutralisation, and salt preparation.
Electrolysis
Conductors, insulators, electrolytes, electrolysis of molten and dissolved salts.
The Periodic Table
Groups of the Periodic Table, trends in Group 1 and Group 7, and displacement reactions.
Qualitative & Quantitative Analysis
Flame tests, tests for ions, chromatography, titrations, and concentration calculations.
Rocks & Metals
Limestone, metal extraction, the reactivity series, rusting, displacement, and allotropes of carbon.
Physical & Chemical Changes
States of matter, kinetic theory, changes of state, heating/cooling curves, and conservation of mass.
Quantitative Chemistry
Relative formula mass, moles, empirical formulae, reacting masses, and percentage by mass.
Rates of Reaction
Factors affecting rate, measuring rate, collision theory, and interpreting rate graphs.
Equilibrium & Reversible Reactions
Reversible reactions, dynamic equilibrium, Le Chatelier's principle, and the Haber process.
Fossil Fuels & Crude Oil
Fossil fuels, hydrocarbons, fractional distillation, uses of fractions, and environmental impact.
Organic Chemistry
Homologous series, alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, alcohols, carboxylic acids, isomers, polymers, and esters.
Energy Changes
Exothermic and endothermic reactions, energy level diagrams, bond energies, and heat of combustion/neutralisation.
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